Specifically, I’d like to know the polarities (+ or -) of both the outside ring and the inner pin on a barrel DC jack.

Also I have found an adapter that is 19 volts and 4.5 amps, but the monitor is 19v and 2.6 amps. I have been told that that a increase of 0.5 amps won’t damage the monitor but an almost 2 amp increase will damage monitor. Is this right?