Keeping track of all the vaccine information—including the correct dosing—has become essential for the people who are tasked with making sure the shots get into arms. That said, the needs for people in different age brackets and risk groups, as well as the addition of booster shots, have made the situation more complex.
They are not without guidance, however: There are standards in place for each vaccine that help ensure that healthcare providers administer them safely.
How do healthcare providers keep track of the differences between the vaccine to ensure that people get the right dose? Verywell spoke to Keri Hurley-Kim, PharmD, MPH, health sciences assistant clinical professor of pharmaceutical sciences at the University of California, Irvine, about the safeguards that are in place for vaccine administration at pharmacies.
Labeling Rules
Avoiding dosage errors starts with the people who make vaccines. Hurley-Kim told Verywell that a great deal of thought goes into the design of medication bottles to prevent errors.
For example, there are some visual cues that are used, such as color-coding. When a medication has different dosage options or could be confused with another medication, manufacturers try to make sure that people have a way to tell them apart by looking at them.
Hurley-Kim said that Pfizer’s COVID vaccine is color-coded because it comes in both pediatric and adult dosages. According to Hurley-Kim, “an adult dosage is purple, whereas the one for children over [age] 5 is orange.”
In response to the reports of errors, the ISMP recommended additional safety measures for pediatric vaccines, such as separate plastic bins for different dosage levels once syringes are filled.
Color-coding helps the people who are preparing the vaccines, but once the vaccine is put into a syringe, the next step is proper labeling and making sure that things stay organized. If a pharmacy knows that they have a specific number of appointments each day, then they can get the vials and syringes ready ahead of time.
Communication
Although color coding and organization can certainly help prevent mistakes, Hurley-Kim said that it’s only the first line of defense; another layer engaging a sense other than sight is even better.
Communicating with the person getting vaccination helps, too. As a safety measure, the person who is giving the vaccine will state which vaccine they are about to administer.
“When [I’m] actually administering it to the patient, I’ll read what I have in my hand and repeat it,” said Hurley-Kim. “When I say, ‘We’re going to be doing the Moderna COVID vaccine today and this is your second dose,’ it gives them an opportunity to say, ‘Oh, no, I should be getting the Pfizer.’ It’s an opportunity to check it against the paperwork you have for them too.”
Careful Checking
According to Hurley-Kim, going to your local pharmacy rather than a doctor’s office might provide you with additional reassurance. Why? Pharmacies have strict rules and “checks” in place to keep people safe.
Hurley-Kim said that “for pharmacists, our bread and butter is avoiding medication errors.” To that end, there are different job functions to organize the distribution of vaccines at a pharmacy.
For example, a licensed pharmacy technician prepares the dosages, which involves taking them from the vial and reconstituting them in the correct proportions.
The reassuring value of a pharmacy comes from the system of checks that are in place from that point forward; each step of the process is double-checked by the pharmacist on duty. That means that there are two sets of eyes to confirm that the proper dosage is prepared and stored.
What If I Get the Wrong Dose?
Even when every precaution is taken, mistakes can still happen. There have been instances where people have been given too much or not enough of a vaccine.
According to Hurley-Kim, if you accidentally get a too-large dose of a COVID shot, you might have the typical side effects of the vaccine (like soreness in your arm where you got the shot, fatigue, a headache, or a mild fever), they just might be more intense.
On the other hand, if you receive a smaller dose than recommended, the biggest risk is that you may not generate a good immune response. In this case, it’s best to talk to your doctor about whether you might need to get another dose to be protected.
The information in this article is current as of the date listed, which means newer information may be available when you read this. For the most recent updates on COVID-19, visit our coronavirus news page.
You can be proactive about preventing an error by asking the person giving you your shot to confirm which vaccine you are about to receive before they give it to you.
